Experimental Study on Wind Loading Characteristics of Trains under Stationary Tornado-like Vortices

The risk of trains being hit by tornadoes in China continues to increase due the increasing density railway lines and shortening train departure intervals probability extreme weather phenomena caused global climate change. If a is tornado, it will cause huge casualties economic losses, so necessary investigate tornado-induced effects on trains. A series rigid-model wind pressure measurement tests car under tornado loading were conducted using tornado-vortex simulator, order determine distance between tornado’s center, swirl ratio tornado-like vortex, ground roughness distributions load characteristics Apparent discrepancies observed lateral obtained from conventional boundary-layer tunnel tests. surface are mainly affected combined aerodynamic flow-structure interaction drop accompanying within 1.5 times vortex core’s radius, impact vortices almost negligible as center exceeds three radius. variation trend mean/fluctuating coefficients generally consistent. Large values fluctuating exist top side surfaces car, especially proximal center. most unfavorable mean sectional force found when located core largest lift at overall peaked whereas was distribution patterns different ratios levels basically same. peak value increases with ratio, decreases increases.